// https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/typography/opentype/spec/glyf

use core::num::NonZeroU16;

use crate::parser::{Stream, F2DOT14, LazyArray16, NumFrom};
use crate::{loca, GlyphId, OutlineBuilder, Rect, BBox};

pub(crate) struct Builder<'a> {
    pub builder: &'a mut dyn OutlineBuilder,
    pub transform: Transform,
    is_default_ts: bool, // `bool` is faster than `Option` or `is_default`.
    pub bbox: Option<BBox>, // Used only by `gvar`.
    first_on_curve: Option<Point>,
    first_off_curve: Option<Point>,
    last_off_curve: Option<Point>,
}

impl<'a> Builder<'a> {
    #[inline]
    pub fn new(
        transform: Transform,
        bbox: Option<BBox>,
        builder: &'a mut dyn OutlineBuilder,
    ) -> Self {
        Builder {
            builder,
            transform,
            is_default_ts: transform.is_default(),
            bbox,
            first_on_curve: None,
            first_off_curve: None,
            last_off_curve: None,
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    fn move_to(&mut self, mut x: f32, mut y: f32) {
        if !self.is_default_ts {
            self.transform.apply_to(&mut x, &mut y);
        }

        if let Some(ref mut bbox) = self.bbox {
            bbox.extend_by(x, y);
        }

        self.builder.move_to(x, y);
    }

    #[inline]
    fn line_to(&mut self, mut x: f32, mut y: f32) {
        if !self.is_default_ts {
            self.transform.apply_to(&mut x, &mut y);
        }

        if let Some(ref mut bbox) = self.bbox {
            bbox.extend_by(x, y);
        }

        self.builder.line_to(x, y);
    }

    #[inline]
    fn quad_to(&mut self, mut x1: f32, mut y1: f32, mut x: f32, mut y: f32) {
        if !self.is_default_ts {
            self.transform.apply_to(&mut x1, &mut y1);
            self.transform.apply_to(&mut x, &mut y);
        }

        if let Some(ref mut bbox) = self.bbox {
            bbox.extend_by(x1, y1);
            bbox.extend_by(x, y);
        }

        self.builder.quad_to(x1, y1, x, y);
    }

    // Useful links:
    //
    // - https://developer.apple.com/fonts/TrueType-Reference-Manual/RM01/Chap1.html
    // - https://stackoverflow.com/a/20772557
    #[inline]
    pub fn push_point(&mut self, x: f32, y: f32, on_curve_point: bool, last_point: bool) {
        let p = Point { x, y };
        if self.first_on_curve.is_none() {
            if on_curve_point {
                self.first_on_curve = Some(p);
                self.move_to(p.x, p.y);
            } else {
                if let Some(offcurve) = self.first_off_curve {
                    let mid = offcurve.lerp(p, 0.5);
                    self.first_on_curve = Some(mid);
                    self.last_off_curve = Some(p);
                    self.move_to(mid.x, mid.y);
                } else {
                    self.first_off_curve = Some(p);
                }
            }
        } else {
            match (self.last_off_curve, on_curve_point) {
                (Some(offcurve), true) => {
                    self.last_off_curve = None;
                    self.quad_to(offcurve.x, offcurve.y, p.x, p.y);
                }
                (Some(offcurve), false) => {
                    self.last_off_curve = Some(p);
                    let mid = offcurve.lerp(p, 0.5);
                    self.quad_to(offcurve.x, offcurve.y, mid.x, mid.y);
                }
                (None, true) => {
                    self.line_to(p.x, p.y);
                }
                (None, false) => {
                    self.last_off_curve = Some(p);
                }
            }
        }

        if last_point {
            self.finish_contour();
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    fn finish_contour(&mut self) {
        if let (Some(offcurve1), Some(offcurve2)) = (self.first_off_curve, self.last_off_curve) {
            self.last_off_curve = None;
            let mid = offcurve2.lerp(offcurve1, 0.5);
            self.quad_to(offcurve2.x, offcurve2.y, mid.x, mid.y);
        }

        if let (Some(p), Some(offcurve1)) = (self.first_on_curve, self.first_off_curve) {
            self.quad_to(offcurve1.x, offcurve1.y, p.x, p.y);
        } else if let (Some(p), Some(offcurve2)) = (self.first_on_curve, self.last_off_curve) {
            self.quad_to(offcurve2.x, offcurve2.y, p.x, p.y);
        } else if let Some(p) = self.first_on_curve {
            self.line_to(p.x, p.y);
        }

        self.first_on_curve = None;
        self.first_off_curve = None;
        self.last_off_curve = None;

        self.builder.close();
    }
}


#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
pub struct Transform {
    pub a: f32, pub b: f32, pub c: f32,
    pub d: f32, pub e: f32, pub f: f32,
}

impl Transform {
    #[inline]
    pub fn new_translate(tx: f32, ty: f32) -> Self {
        Transform { a: 1.0, b: 0.0, c: 0.0, d: 1.0, e: tx, f: ty }
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn combine(ts1: Self, ts2: Self) -> Self {
        Transform {
            a: ts1.a * ts2.a + ts1.c * ts2.b,
            b: ts1.b * ts2.a + ts1.d * ts2.b,
            c: ts1.a * ts2.c + ts1.c * ts2.d,
            d: ts1.b * ts2.c + ts1.d * ts2.d,
            e: ts1.a * ts2.e + ts1.c * ts2.f + ts1.e,
            f: ts1.b * ts2.e + ts1.d * ts2.f + ts1.f,
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    fn apply_to(&self, x: &mut f32, y: &mut f32) {
        let tx = *x;
        let ty = *y;
        *x = self.a * tx + self.c * ty + self.e;
        *y = self.b * tx + self.d * ty + self.f;
    }

    #[inline]
    fn is_default(&self) -> bool {
        // A direct float comparison is fine in our case.
           self.a == 1.0
        && self.b == 0.0
        && self.c == 0.0
        && self.d == 1.0
        && self.e == 0.0
        && self.f == 0.0
    }
}

impl Default for Transform {
    #[inline]
    fn default() -> Self {
        Transform { a: 1.0, b: 0.0, c: 0.0, d: 1.0, e: 0.0, f: 0.0 }
    }
}

impl core::fmt::Debug for Transform {
    #[inline]
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter) -> core::fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "Transform({} {} {} {} {} {})", self.a, self.b, self.c, self.d, self.e, self.f)
    }
}


#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
pub(crate) struct CompositeGlyphInfo {
    pub glyph_id: GlyphId,
    pub transform: Transform,
    pub flags: CompositeGlyphFlags,
}


#[derive(Clone)]
pub(crate) struct CompositeGlyphIter<'a> {
    stream: Stream<'a>,
}

impl<'a> CompositeGlyphIter<'a> {
    #[inline]
    pub fn new(data: &'a [u8]) -> Self {
        CompositeGlyphIter { stream: Stream::new(data) }
    }
}

impl<'a> Iterator for CompositeGlyphIter<'a> {
    type Item = CompositeGlyphInfo;

    #[inline]
    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
        let flags = CompositeGlyphFlags(self.stream.read()?);
        let glyph_id: GlyphId = self.stream.read()?;

        let mut ts = Transform::default();

        if flags.args_are_xy_values() {
            if flags.arg_1_and_2_are_words() {
                ts.e = f32::from(self.stream.read::<i16>()?);
                ts.f = f32::from(self.stream.read::<i16>()?);
            } else {
                ts.e = f32::from(self.stream.read::<i8>()?);
                ts.f = f32::from(self.stream.read::<i8>()?);
            }
        }

        if flags.we_have_a_two_by_two() {
            ts.a = self.stream.read::<F2DOT14>()?.to_f32();
            ts.b = self.stream.read::<F2DOT14>()?.to_f32();
            ts.c = self.stream.read::<F2DOT14>()?.to_f32();
            ts.d = self.stream.read::<F2DOT14>()?.to_f32();
        } else if flags.we_have_an_x_and_y_scale() {
            ts.a = self.stream.read::<F2DOT14>()?.to_f32();
            ts.d = self.stream.read::<F2DOT14>()?.to_f32();
        } else if flags.we_have_a_scale() {
            ts.a = self.stream.read::<F2DOT14>()?.to_f32();
            ts.d = ts.a;
        }

        if !flags.more_components() {
            // Finish the iterator even if stream still has some data.
            self.stream.jump_to_end();
        }

        Some(CompositeGlyphInfo {
            glyph_id,
            transform: ts,
            flags,
        })
    }
}


// Due to some optimization magic, using f32 instead of i16
// makes the code ~10% slower. At least on my machine.
// I guess it's due to the fact that with i16 the struct
// fits into the machine word.
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
pub struct GlyphPoint {
    pub x: i16,
    pub y: i16,
    /// Indicates that a point is a point on curve
    /// and not a control point.
    pub on_curve_point: bool,
    pub last_point: bool,
}


#[derive(Clone, Default)]
pub struct GlyphPointsIter<'a> {
    endpoints: EndpointsIter<'a>,
    flags: FlagsIter<'a>,
    x_coords: CoordsIter<'a>,
    y_coords: CoordsIter<'a>,
    pub points_left: u16, // Number of points left in the glyph.
}

impl GlyphPointsIter<'_> {
    #[inline]
    pub fn current_contour(&self) -> u16 {
        self.endpoints.index - 1
    }
}

impl<'a> Iterator for GlyphPointsIter<'a> {
    type Item = GlyphPoint;

    #[inline]
    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
        self.points_left = self.points_left.checked_sub(1)?;

        // TODO: skip empty contours

        let last_point = self.endpoints.next();
        let flags = self.flags.next()?;
        Some(GlyphPoint {
            x: self.x_coords.next(flags.x_short(), flags.x_is_same_or_positive_short()),
            y: self.y_coords.next(flags.y_short(), flags.y_is_same_or_positive_short()),
            on_curve_point: flags.on_curve_point(),
            last_point,
        })
    }
}


/// A simple flattening iterator for glyph's endpoints.
///
/// Translates endpoints like: 2 4 7
/// into flags: 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Default)]
struct EndpointsIter<'a> {
    endpoints: LazyArray16<'a, u16>, // Each endpoint indicates a contour end.
    index: u16,
    left: u16,
}

impl<'a> EndpointsIter<'a> {
    #[inline]
    fn new(endpoints: LazyArray16<'a, u16>) -> Option<Self> {
        Some(EndpointsIter {
            endpoints,
            index: 1,
            left: endpoints.get(0)?,
        })
    }

    #[inline]
    fn next(&mut self) -> bool {
        if self.left == 0 {
            if let Some(end) = self.endpoints.get(self.index) {
                let prev = self.endpoints.get(self.index - 1).unwrap_or(0);
                // Malformed font can have endpoints not in increasing order,
                // so we have to use checked_sub.
                self.left = end.checked_sub(prev).unwrap_or(0);
                self.left = self.left.checked_sub(1).unwrap_or(0);
            }

            // Always advance the index, so we can check the current contour number.
            if let Some(n) = self.index.checked_add(1) {
                self.index = n;
            }

            true
        } else {
            self.left -= 1;
            false
        }
    }
}


#[derive(Clone, Default)]
struct FlagsIter<'a> {
    stream: Stream<'a>,
    // Number of times the `flags` should be used
    // before reading the next one from `stream`.
    repeats: u8,
    flags: SimpleGlyphFlags,
}

impl<'a> FlagsIter<'a> {
    #[inline]
    fn new(data: &'a [u8]) -> Self {
        FlagsIter {
            stream: Stream::new(data),
            repeats: 0,
            flags: SimpleGlyphFlags(0),
        }
    }
}

impl<'a> Iterator for FlagsIter<'a> {
    type Item = SimpleGlyphFlags;

    #[inline]
    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
        if self.repeats == 0 {
            self.flags = SimpleGlyphFlags(self.stream.read().unwrap_or_default());
            if self.flags.repeat_flag() {
                self.repeats = self.stream.read().unwrap_or(0);
            }
        } else {
            self.repeats -= 1;
        }

        Some(self.flags)
    }
}


#[derive(Clone, Default)]
struct CoordsIter<'a> {
    stream: Stream<'a>,
    prev: i16, // Points are stored as deltas, so we have to keep the previous one.
}

impl<'a> CoordsIter<'a> {
    #[inline]
    fn new(data: &'a [u8]) -> Self {
        CoordsIter {
            stream: Stream::new(data),
            prev: 0,
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    fn next(&mut self, is_short: bool, is_same_or_short: bool) -> i16 {
        // See https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/typography/opentype/spec/glyf#simple-glyph-description
        // for details about Simple Glyph Flags processing.

        // We've already checked the coords data, so it's safe to fallback to 0.

        let mut n = 0;
        if is_short {
            n = i16::from(self.stream.read::<u8>().unwrap_or(0));
            if !is_same_or_short {
                n = -n;
            }
        } else if !is_same_or_short {
            n = self.stream.read::<i16>().unwrap_or(0);
        }

        self.prev = self.prev.wrapping_add(n);
        self.prev
    }
}


#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
struct Point {
    x: f32,
    y: f32,
}

impl Point {
    #[inline]
    fn lerp(self, other: Point, t: f32) -> Point {
        Point {
            x: self.x + t * (other.x - self.x),
            y: self.y + t * (other.y - self.y),
        }
    }
}


// https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/typography/opentype/spec/glyf#simple-glyph-description
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Default)]
struct SimpleGlyphFlags(u8);

impl SimpleGlyphFlags {
    #[inline] fn on_curve_point(self) -> bool { self.0 & 0x01 != 0 }
    #[inline] fn x_short(self) -> bool { self.0 & 0x02 != 0 }
    #[inline] fn y_short(self) -> bool { self.0 & 0x04 != 0 }
    #[inline] fn repeat_flag(self) -> bool { self.0 & 0x08 != 0 }
    #[inline] fn x_is_same_or_positive_short(self) -> bool { self.0 & 0x10 != 0 }
    #[inline] fn y_is_same_or_positive_short(self) -> bool { self.0 & 0x20 != 0 }
}


// https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/typography/opentype/spec/glyf#composite-glyph-description
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
pub(crate) struct CompositeGlyphFlags(u16);

impl CompositeGlyphFlags {
    #[inline] pub fn arg_1_and_2_are_words(self) -> bool { self.0 & 0x0001 != 0 }
    #[inline] pub fn args_are_xy_values(self) -> bool { self.0 & 0x0002 != 0 }
    #[inline] pub fn we_have_a_scale(self) -> bool { self.0 & 0x0008 != 0 }
    #[inline] pub fn more_components(self) -> bool { self.0 & 0x0020 != 0 }
    #[inline] pub fn we_have_an_x_and_y_scale(self) -> bool { self.0 & 0x0040 != 0 }
    #[inline] pub fn we_have_a_two_by_two(self) -> bool { self.0 & 0x0080 != 0 }
}


// It's not defined in the spec, so we are using our own value.
pub const MAX_COMPONENTS: u8 = 32;

#[inline]
pub(crate) fn outline(
    loca_table: loca::Table,
    glyf_table: &[u8],
    glyph_id: GlyphId,
    builder: &mut dyn OutlineBuilder,
) -> Option<Rect> {
    let mut b = Builder::new(Transform::default(), None, builder);
    let range = loca_table.glyph_range(glyph_id)?;
    let glyph_data = glyf_table.get(range)?;
    outline_impl(loca_table, glyf_table, glyph_data, 0, &mut b)
}

#[inline]
pub(crate) fn glyph_bbox(
    loca_table: loca::Table,
    glyf_table: &[u8],
    glyph_id: GlyphId,
) -> Option<Rect> {
    let range = loca_table.glyph_range(glyph_id)?;
    let glyph_data = glyf_table.get(range)?;
    let mut s = Stream::new(glyph_data);
    s.skip::<i16>(); // number_of_contours
    // It's faster to parse the rect directly, instead of using `FromData`.
    Some(Rect {
        x_min: s.read()?,
        y_min: s.read()?,
        x_max: s.read()?,
        y_max: s.read()?,
    })
}

#[inline]
fn outline_impl(
    loca_table: loca::Table,
    glyf_table: &[u8],
    data: &[u8],
    depth: u8,
    builder: &mut Builder,
) -> Option<Rect> {
    if depth >= MAX_COMPONENTS {
        return None;
    }

    let mut s = Stream::new(data);
    let number_of_contours: i16 = s.read()?;
    // It's faster to parse the rect directly, instead of using `FromData`.
    let rect = Rect {
        x_min: s.read()?,
        y_min: s.read()?,
        x_max: s.read()?,
        y_max: s.read()?,
    };

    if number_of_contours > 0 {
        // Simple glyph.

        // u16 casting is safe, since we already checked that the value is positive.
        let number_of_contours = NonZeroU16::new(number_of_contours as u16)?;
        for point in parse_simple_outline(s.tail()?, number_of_contours)? {
            builder.push_point(f32::from(point.x), f32::from(point.y),
                               point.on_curve_point, point.last_point);
        }
    } else if number_of_contours < 0 {
        // Composite glyph.
        for comp in CompositeGlyphIter::new(s.tail()?) {
            if let Some(range) = loca_table.glyph_range(comp.glyph_id) {
                if let Some(glyph_data) = glyf_table.get(range) {
                    let transform = Transform::combine(builder.transform, comp.transform);
                    let mut b = Builder::new(transform, None, builder.builder);
                    outline_impl(loca_table, glyf_table, glyph_data, depth + 1, &mut b)?;
                }
            }
        }
    } else {
        // An empty glyph.
        return None;
    }

    Some(rect)
}

#[inline]
pub fn parse_simple_outline(
    glyph_data: &[u8],
    number_of_contours: NonZeroU16,
) -> Option<GlyphPointsIter> {
    let mut s = Stream::new(glyph_data);
    let endpoints = s.read_array16::<u16>(number_of_contours.get())?;

    let points_total = endpoints.last()?.checked_add(1)?;

    // Contours with a single point should be ignored.
    // But this is not an error, so we should return an "empty" iterator.
    if points_total == 1 {
        return Some(GlyphPointsIter::default());
    }

    // Skip instructions byte code.
    let instructions_len: u16 = s.read()?;
    s.advance(usize::from(instructions_len));

    let flags_offset = s.offset();
    let (x_coords_len, y_coords_len) = resolve_coords_len(&mut s, points_total)?;
    let x_coords_offset = s.offset();
    let y_coords_offset = x_coords_offset + usize::num_from(x_coords_len);
    let y_coords_end = y_coords_offset + usize::num_from(y_coords_len);

    Some(GlyphPointsIter {
        endpoints: EndpointsIter::new(endpoints)?,
        flags: FlagsIter::new(glyph_data.get(flags_offset..x_coords_offset)?),
        x_coords: CoordsIter::new(glyph_data.get(x_coords_offset..y_coords_offset)?),
        y_coords: CoordsIter::new(glyph_data.get(y_coords_offset..y_coords_end)?),
        points_left: points_total,
    })
}

/// Resolves coordinate arrays length.
///
/// The length depends on *Simple Glyph Flags*, so we have to process them all to find it.
fn resolve_coords_len(
    s: &mut Stream,
    points_total: u16,
) -> Option<(u32, u32)> {
    let mut flags_left = u32::from(points_total);
    let mut repeats;
    let mut x_coords_len = 0;
    let mut y_coords_len = 0;
    while flags_left > 0 {
        let flags = SimpleGlyphFlags(s.read()?);

        // The number of times a glyph point repeats.
        repeats = if flags.repeat_flag() {
            let repeats: u8 = s.read()?;
            u32::from(repeats) + 1
        } else {
            1
        };

        if repeats > flags_left {
            return None;
        }

        // No need to check for `*_coords_len` overflow since u32 is more than enough.

        if flags.x_short() {
            // Coordinate is 1 byte long.
            x_coords_len += repeats;
        } else if !flags.x_is_same_or_positive_short() {
            // Coordinate is 2 bytes long.
            x_coords_len += repeats * 2;
        }

        if flags.y_short() {
            // Coordinate is 1 byte long.
            y_coords_len += repeats;
        } else if !flags.y_is_same_or_positive_short() {
            // Coordinate is 2 bytes long.
            y_coords_len += repeats * 2;
        }

        flags_left -= repeats;
    }

    Some((x_coords_len, y_coords_len))
}