//! The matrix module.
//!
//! Currently contains all code
//! relating to the matrix linear algebra struct.
//!
//! Most of the logic for manipulating matrices is generically implemented
//! via `BaseMatrix` and `BaseMatrixMut` trait.

use std;
use std::any::Any;
use std::marker::PhantomData;
use libnum::Float;

use error::{Error, ErrorKind};
use vector::Vector;

pub mod decomposition;
mod base;
mod deref;
mod impl_mat;
mod impl_ops;
mod iter;
mod mat_mul;
mod slice;
mod permutation_matrix;
mod impl_permutation_mul;

pub use self::base::{BaseMatrix, BaseMatrixMut};
pub use self::permutation_matrix::{PermutationMatrix, Parity};

/// Matrix dimensions
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
pub enum Axes {
    /// The row axis.
    Row,
    /// The column axis.
    Col,
}

/// The `Matrix` struct.
///
/// Can be instantiated with any type.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct Matrix<T> {
    rows: usize,
    cols: usize,
    data: Vec<T>,
}

/// A `MatrixSlice`
///
/// This struct provides a slice into a matrix.
///
/// The struct contains the upper left point of the slice
/// and the width and height of the slice.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
pub struct MatrixSlice<'a, T: 'a> {
    ptr: *const T,
    rows: usize,
    cols: usize,
    row_stride: usize,
    marker: PhantomData<&'a T>,
}

/// A mutable `MatrixSliceMut`
///
/// This struct provides a mutable slice into a matrix.
///
/// The struct contains the upper left point of the slice
/// and the width and height of the slice.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct MatrixSliceMut<'a, T: 'a> {
    ptr: *mut T,
    rows: usize,
    cols: usize,
    row_stride: usize,
    marker: PhantomData<&'a mut T>,
}

/// Row of a matrix.
///
/// This struct points to a slice making up
/// a row in a matrix. You can deref this
/// struct to retrieve a `MatrixSlice` of
/// the row.
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```
/// # #[macro_use] extern crate rulinalg; fn main() {
/// use rulinalg::matrix::BaseMatrix;
///
/// let mat = matrix![1.0, 2.0;
///                   3.0, 4.0];
///
/// let row = mat.row(1);
/// assert_eq!((*row + 2.0).sum(), 11.0);
/// # }
/// ```
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
pub struct Row<'a, T: 'a> {
    row: MatrixSlice<'a, T>,
}

/// Mutable row of a matrix.
///
/// This struct points to a mutable slice
/// making up a row in a matrix. You can deref
/// this struct to retrieve a `MatrixSlice`
/// of the row.
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```
/// # #[macro_use] extern crate rulinalg; fn main() {
/// use rulinalg::matrix::BaseMatrixMut;
///
/// let mut mat = matrix![1.0, 2.0;
///                       3.0, 4.0];
///
/// {
///     let mut row = mat.row_mut(1);
///     *row += 2.0;
/// }
/// let expected = matrix![1.0, 2.0;
///                        5.0, 6.0];
/// assert_matrix_eq!(mat, expected);
/// # }
/// ```
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct RowMut<'a, T: 'a> {
    row: MatrixSliceMut<'a, T>,
}

/// Row iterator.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct Rows<'a, T: 'a> {
    slice_start: *const T,
    row_pos: usize,
    slice_rows: usize,
    slice_cols: usize,
    row_stride: isize,
    _marker: PhantomData<&'a T>,
}

/// Mutable row iterator.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct RowsMut<'a, T: 'a> {
    slice_start: *mut T,
    row_pos: usize,
    slice_rows: usize,
    slice_cols: usize,
    row_stride: isize,
    _marker: PhantomData<&'a mut T>,
}

// MAYBE WE SHOULD MOVE SOME OF THIS STUFF OUT

impl<'a, T: 'a> Row<'a, T> {
    /// Returns the row as a slice.
    pub fn raw_slice(&self) -> &'a [T] {
        unsafe { std::slice::from_raw_parts(self.row.as_ptr(), self.row.cols()) }
    }
}

impl<'a, T: 'a> RowMut<'a, T> {
    /// Returns the row as a slice.
    pub fn raw_slice(&self) -> &'a [T] {
        unsafe { std::slice::from_raw_parts(self.row.as_ptr(), self.row.cols()) }
    }

    /// Returns the row as a slice.
    pub fn raw_slice_mut(&mut self) -> &'a mut [T] {
        unsafe { std::slice::from_raw_parts_mut(self.row.as_mut_ptr(), self.row.cols()) }
    }
}

/// Column of a matrix.
///
/// This struct points to a `MatrixSlice`
/// making up a column in a matrix.
/// You can deref this struct to retrieve
/// the raw column `MatrixSlice`.
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```
/// # #[macro_use] extern crate rulinalg; fn main() {
/// use rulinalg::matrix::BaseMatrix;
///
/// let mat = matrix![1.0, 2.0;
///                   3.0, 4.0];
///
/// let col = mat.col(1);
/// assert_eq!((*col + 2.0).sum(), 10.0);
/// # }
/// ```
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
pub struct Column<'a, T: 'a> {
    col: MatrixSlice<'a, T>,
}

/// Mutable column of a matrix.
///
/// This struct points to a `MatrixSliceMut`
/// making up a column in a matrix.
/// You can deref this struct to retrieve
/// the raw column `MatrixSliceMut`.
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```
/// # #[macro_use] extern crate rulinalg; fn main() {
/// use rulinalg::matrix::BaseMatrixMut;
///
/// let mut mat = matrix![1.0, 2.0;
///                   3.0, 4.0];
/// {
///     let mut column = mat.col_mut(1);
///     *column += 2.0;
/// }
/// let expected = matrix![1.0, 4.0;
///                        3.0, 6.0];
/// assert_matrix_eq!(mat, expected);
/// # }
/// ```
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct ColumnMut<'a, T: 'a> {
    col: MatrixSliceMut<'a, T>,
}

/// Column iterator.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct Cols<'a, T: 'a> {
    _marker: PhantomData<&'a T>,
    col_pos: usize,
    row_stride: isize,
    slice_cols: usize,
    slice_rows: usize,
    slice_start: *const T,
}

/// Mutable column iterator.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct ColsMut<'a, T: 'a> {
    _marker: PhantomData<&'a mut T>,
    col_pos: usize,
    row_stride: isize,
    slice_cols: usize,
    slice_rows: usize,
    slice_start: *mut T,
}

/// Diagonal offset (used by Diagonal iterator).
#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
pub enum DiagOffset {
    /// The main diagonal of the matrix.
    Main,
    /// An offset above the main diagonal.
    Above(usize),
    /// An offset below the main diagonal.
    Below(usize),
}

/// An iterator over the diagonal elements of a matrix.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct Diagonal<'a, T: 'a, M: 'a + BaseMatrix<T>> {
    matrix: &'a M,
    diag_pos: usize,
    diag_end: usize,
    _marker: PhantomData<&'a T>,
}

/// An iterator over the mutable diagonal elements of a matrix.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct DiagonalMut<'a, T: 'a, M: 'a + BaseMatrixMut<T>> {
    matrix: &'a mut M,
    diag_pos: usize,
    diag_end: usize,
    _marker: PhantomData<&'a mut T>,
}

/// Iterator for matrix.
///
/// Iterates over the underlying slice data
/// in row-major order.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct SliceIter<'a, T: 'a> {
    slice_start: *const T,
    row_pos: usize,
    col_pos: usize,
    slice_rows: usize,
    slice_cols: usize,
    row_stride: usize,
    _marker: PhantomData<&'a T>,
}

/// Iterator for mutable matrix.
///
/// Iterates over the underlying slice data
/// in row-major order.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct SliceIterMut<'a, T: 'a> {
    slice_start: *mut T,
    row_pos: usize,
    col_pos: usize,
    slice_rows: usize,
    slice_cols: usize,
    row_stride: usize,
    _marker: PhantomData<&'a mut T>,
}

/// Back substitution
fn back_substitution<T, M>(m: &M, y: Vector<T>) -> Result<Vector<T>, Error>
    where T: Any + Float,
          M: BaseMatrix<T>
{
    if m.is_empty() {
        return Err(Error::new(ErrorKind::InvalidArg, "Matrix is empty."));
    }

    let mut x = vec![T::zero(); y.size()];

    unsafe {
        for i in (0..y.size()).rev() {
            let mut holding_u_sum = T::zero();
            for j in (i + 1..y.size()).rev() {
                holding_u_sum = holding_u_sum + *m.get_unchecked([i, j]) * x[j];
            }

            let diag = *m.get_unchecked([i, i]);
            if diag.abs() < T::min_positive_value() + T::min_positive_value() {
                return Err(Error::new(ErrorKind::AlgebraFailure,
                                      "Linear system cannot be solved (matrix is singular)."));
            }
            x[i] = (y[i] - holding_u_sum) / diag;
        }
    }

    Ok(Vector::new(x))
}

/// forward substitution
fn forward_substitution<T, M>(m: &M, y: Vector<T>) -> Result<Vector<T>, Error>
    where T: Any + Float,
          M: BaseMatrix<T>
{
    if m.is_empty() {
        return Err(Error::new(ErrorKind::InvalidArg, "Matrix is empty."));
    }

    let mut x = Vec::with_capacity(y.size());

    unsafe {
        for (i, y_item) in y.data().iter().enumerate().take(y.size()) {
            let mut holding_l_sum = T::zero();
            for (j, x_item) in x.iter().enumerate().take(i) {
                holding_l_sum = holding_l_sum + *m.get_unchecked([i, j]) * *x_item;
            }

            let diag = *m.get_unchecked([i, i]);

            if diag.abs() < T::min_positive_value() + T::min_positive_value() {
                return Err(Error::new(ErrorKind::AlgebraFailure,
                                      "Linear system cannot be solved (matrix is singular)."));
            }
            x.push((*y_item - holding_l_sum) / diag);
        }
    }

    Ok(Vector::new(x))
}